Consumo de calcio en mujeres jóvenes y factores de riesgo que favorecen la osteoporosis en la postmenopausia / Calcium consumption in young women and risk factors that favor osteoporosis in postmenopause

Fundamentos: La osteoporosis es una enfermedad crónica ósea considerada un problema de salud pública, cuya prevalencia es mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Debido a ello el objetivo fue evaluar el consumo de calcio diario en 138 mujeres jóvenes de la localidad de Makallé, Chaco, teniendo en cuenta sus requerimientos y señalar los factores de riesgo. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, una vez obtenido el consentimiento de los encuestados, se aplicó una encuesta online estructurada con preguntas cerradas y abiertas dividida en dos secciones, para determinar elnivel de conocimiento de calcio y su frecuencia de consumo. Se analizó la distribución de frecuencias y se realizaron análisis de varianza para ver las diferencias entre grupos. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 136 respuestas, que evidenciaron que el 60% de las mujeres conoce la importancia del consumo de calcio y el momento fundamental de su consumo; el 82% conoce los alimentos fuentes del mineral y sus factores inhibidores como el alcohol el 42% y las bebidas cola el 39%. Por otra parte, demostraron desconocer cómo prevenir pérdidas del mineral un 40% siendo solo el 28% de respuestas correctas. El 50% conocía la enfermedad de osteoporosis y el 49% cómo prevenirla. Conclusiones: Se pudo determinar en las encuestadas que muchas mujeres no cubren el requerimiento diario promedio de calcio a través de la alimentación, teniendo en cuenta los factores que inhiben su absorción lo cual predispone a mayor riesgo de osteoporosis a edad avanzada. Esto señala la necesidad de establecer un programa de prevención sobre la osteoporosis. (AU)

Background: Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease considered a public health problem and being more prevalent in women than in men. Therefore, the importance of studying young women in the age range in which they are closeto the maximum bone peak since it is a preventable disease. Due to this problem, the main objective is to evaluate the daily calcium consumption in 138 young women from the town of Makallé, Chaco, taking into account their requirements and pointing out the risk factors. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, once the consent of the respondents was obtained, a structured online survey with closed and open questions was applied, divided into two sections, to determine the level of knowledge of calcium and its frequency of consumption. The results are presented in tables and graphs of frequency distribution and being significant when the value of p was less than 0.05. Results: 136 responses were obtained, which showed that 60% of the women know the importance of calciumconsumption and the fundamental moment of its consumption; 82% know the food sources of the mineral and its inhibitory factors such as alcohol 42% and cola drinks 39%. In addition, they demonstrated not knowing how to prevent mineral losses by 40%, with only 28% being correct. 50% know about osteoporosis disease and 49% know how to prevent it. Conclusions: It was determined that the surveyed women do not meet their average daily calcium requirementthrough food, taking into account the factors that inhibit its absorption, which predisposes them to a higher risk of osteoporosis in advanced age. This point to the need to establish a prevention program on osteoporosis since it iscurrently considered a public health problem. (AU)

CORRELATION BETWEEN CALCANEAL BONE ULTRASOUND MEASUREMENTS AND DENSITOMETRY AMONG POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH FRACTURES CAUSED BY BONE FRAGILITY.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between ultrasound (US) measurement on the calcaneus and bone densitometry (DEXA), among postmenopausal women who already presented fragility fractures. METHODS: 35 postmenopausal women over 40 years of age, with the ability to walk and presenting osteoporotic fractures of the wrist or spine, without previous treatment for osteoporosis, were analyzed in a retrospective cohort. Of these, 16 were under 60 and 19 were over 60. The broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) were compared using DEXA (L1-L4, total femur, femoral neck and wrist). Two different values of BUA were used as cutoff points for osteoporosis: BUA < 60 dB/MHz and BUA < 64 dB/MHz (P < 0.05); and SOS < 1600 m/s. The confidence interval was 95%. The DEXA and US data were plotted on dispersion graphs and, through linear regression, it was possible to establish correlations. Following this, the sample was stratified according to age (up to 60 years and 60 years and over). Thus, the values were again compared and correlated. RESULTS: The best correlation obtained between DEXA and US was between the T-score of the wrist and BUA < 64 dB/MHz, with 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Better sensitivity at all DEXA sites was obtained when US was performed on patients over 60 years of age. The SOS compatible with osteoporosis was < 1592.5 m/s (89% sensitivity and 85% specificity). CONCLUSION: US on the calcaneus can be used for screening the risk of osteoporosis fractures, using a cutoff of BUA < 64 dB/MHz, especially among patients over 60 years of age.